What is federalism?

Federalism is defined as the distribution of power between national and state governments. This system is characterized by the division of responsibilities and authority, allowing both levels of government to have their own powers while also sharing certain powers. In the United States, for example, the Constitution delineates specific powers for the federal government, such as regulating interstate commerce and conducting foreign affairs, while also reserving certain rights for the states, like managing local law enforcement and education. This dual system is designed to ensure a balance of power, helping to protect against tyranny and allowing for a more localized form of governance that can address specific regional needs and preferences.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of federalism. A centralized government would mean that power is concentrated in a single national authority, which contrasts sharply with the concept of federalism. The method for electing local officials pertains more to electoral systems than to a broader governance structure like federalism. Lastly, the idea that states have authority over the national government misrepresents the hierarchical relationship defined by federalism, where both levels have distinct authorities but are meant to operate within their defined roles.